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1 October 2002 Spatial Relationships of Male Green Frogs (Rana clamitans) throughout the Activity Season
DONALD B. SHEPARD
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Abstract

The spatial relationships exhibited by individuals in a population may indicate their social organization. In territorial species interactions between individuals should lead to maximal spacing in a uniform pattern. Using nearest neighbor distances (NND), I tested for territoriality in the green frog (Rana clamitans) by determining if males were uniformly dispersed within breeding choruses. Observed dispersion patterns were not consistent with territoriality. Males were randomly dispersed on all seven nights during the breeding period, four of five nights during the nonbreeding period and uniformly dispersed on one night during the nonbreeding period. Dispersion did not differ between periods although density was higher and NND was smaller during the breeding period. There was also no correlation between male size and NND. The disparity of my results might be explained by differences in male density and resource distribution and its effect on habitat quality since these factors influence behavior and spacing. Alternatively, uniform spacing may not be a reliable characteristic of territoriality.

DONALD B. SHEPARD "Spatial Relationships of Male Green Frogs (Rana clamitans) throughout the Activity Season," The American Midland Naturalist 148(2), 394-400, (1 October 2002). https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148[0394:SROMGF]2.0.CO;2
Accepted: 1 March 2002; Published: 1 October 2002
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